Abstract

With the beginning of the 19th century ,and the aftermath of losing the war against Czarist Russia, the Iranians found themselves tending towards Europe especially in literature. One of the prominent literary figures of this tendency was Mirza Taqi Khan, who became the prime minister when Nasiriddin Shah came to power in 1848.
Taqi Khan was liberal and interested in making reforms in the education and traditions of the Iranians. He focused on modern prose specifically.
The institutional revolution has had a great effect on Iranian literature as a number of liberal writers and poets joined the revolution. Later, these liberal have been given the chance to organize their efforts and work in harmony. Thanks to modern printing machines, they found vast spaces in newspapers and magazines for their literary products in big cities like Tehran, Rasht, Tabriz, and others.
Taqi Khan’s creativity in Persian prose writing was continued by Qaemqam and other followers, who, despite the simplicity of their styles, were able to expand the horizons of the society’s thoughts and make the wheels of science and education go forth. Besides, many intellectuals and writers went to France to be acquainted with the update thoughts and currents there. They published a great number of books in history, literature, and sciences in both Persian and Arabic languages.
Dar al-Funoon school, which was established by Ameer Kabeer, was an educational institution that could meet, with the help of European teachers, the needs of the readers and students as well as translate many scientific, technical, military and literary works. Apart from this school, in the era of Nasiriddin Shah, a number of historical fictions were translated in such an attractive and simple style that spread well all over the country. Actually, this sort of simple style elicited simplicity in writing and getting rid of traditional complicated ones. In this way, the prose products developed and became within the reach of Iranian readers in terms of imagination and comprehension.