Abstract

Nali and Salem are among the most prominent classical poets and two of the most active poets in rhetorical art, and their markings are shown through their poetic productions. In this research, which is entitled by the reflection of rhetoric in poets of Nali and Salem, we chose two well-known poets in Kurdish literature, who lived in the nineteenth century A.D, and they are (Nali and Salem), which were two of the main pillars, out of the three pillars of the classical school in Kurdish poetry, and lived under the prosperity of the Kurdish Emirate of Baban, and then suffered from the collapse of the emirate and fall, and tasted the bitterness of submission and displacement and humiliation under the Turkish Ottoman power, Persian Qajar. We have chosen from the product of the above referred poets, two famous destinations in the circles of writers, historians and intellectuals Kurds interested in Kurdish literature and history, namely, (Qurbani toze regetim ey badi xosh Murur!) of Nali and Salem’s poem (Ganem fidayi sirweket ey badekey seher!) The first poem is written by (Nali), when he was in the country of alienation to the owners in Sulaymaniyah who lived under the Ottoman occupation, asking them about beloved people and news of the city, and what happened to them after him, and answered by (Salem) in the second poem which was filled with bitterness and sorrow. The research aims at diagnosing the humanitarian aspects, nostalgia and separation, as it was an intimate friendship, and they were also descendants of the Babanian Emirate, which ruled the region and whose center was the present city of Sulaymaniyah. (Nali) through his poetic poem, which distinguishes it from the rest of his poems, wanted to formulate it in the form of a message expressing the sincerity of his feelings and nostalgia to his home after his break up because of a trip to the country of Hijaz to perform Hajj. On his return, he spent a period of time in the Levant, apparently hearing about the bad conditions that the emirate experienced because of the Turkish occupiers. (Nali) wanted to be sure of that, so he sends his poem to the poet (Salem), who responded not to take the risk to come to the emirate that has fallen under Ottoman influence. The research is divided into three sections. In the first section we know the science of rhetoric and the science of the statement and in light of the poetic examples of both poets, we refer to the sections of the statement in particular metaphor and simile. In the second section we refer to the science of stylistic and it is divided into two axes, the first refers to the decoration of the word, and the second axis refers to the decoration of the meaning. But in the third section we deal with the meanings, especially the news and the establishment, then there is a reference to the goals and abstract of the research in Arabic and then the footnotes and the references were written down.