Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
The spread of chaos in Western Europe before the Crusades, the period of the fourth and fifth centuries AD witnessed the events of the fall of most of the lands of the Roman Empire in the West at the hands of the Germanic barbarians, where they formed multiple kingdoms such as the Kingdom of the Vandals, the Kingdom of the Western Goths, and the Kingdom of the Franks, among others. Thus, multiple states replaced one state, and chaos spread in all the countries of Western Europe due to the rise of multiple states in place of the Roman Empire. The speed of these changes made Western Europe live in a great vortex of chaos through looting, plunder, and murder. What increased the spread of chaos was the transfer of power in the Roman Empire to the Pope, i.e. the replacement of religious authority with worldly authority. Since the year (476 AD), which represents the fall of the Roman Empire, no Roman emperor has sat on the throne of Rome, but rather religious and worldly
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