Abstract

Changes are part of the continuity of any language process and represent its constituent parts. Different linguistic periods (from an etymological point of view) may be the best evidence of this nature of language. Identifying Phonological and semantic changes according to historical stages is important, as the nature of the quality and quantity of changes can be determined, as well as the progress and delay of the changes, which is done by finding the roots of words. Also, not all words of a language have roots and are clear, because over time many words are vague and unknown, or at one stage the word has disappeared and did not enter the next period of the language, this is due to internal and external factors that cause changes in language.
Iranian languages have a share root and originated from the same language, separated over time. The presence of share words and the proximity of grammatical structures of these languages indicate their ethnic relationship. Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-Iranian language family, which also belongs to the Indo-European language family. Iranian languages have gone through several different periods and conditions, the difference between these periods is determines by three stages: (Old, Middle, New). In each of these stages, the remains of several languages. The remains of four ancient Iranian languages remain: Mady, Sakay, Avesta and Old Persian. These languages were closely related to each other. The language considered to be the mother of these four languages is called Old Iranian. Kurdish, as one of the new Iranian languages, is a branch of the northwestern Iranian languages, while Persian belongs to the southwestern branch (Western ancient Iran). In the Middle stage, according to the geographical proximity of the languages to Kurdish, the languages of western Iran (Sassanid Pahlavi, Ashkani Pahlavi) were used. This study attempts to determine the phonetic and semantic changes through the roots of words for those (Yai) base that have obvious roots